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Earth Sciences
Faculty List
Professor and Chair of the Department
R. Pysklywec, M Sc, Ph D
Associate Professor and Associate Chair (Graduate Studies)
M. Dittrich, Ph.D., (U of T Scarborough)
Associate Professor and Associate Chair (Undergraduate)
U. Wortmann, Dipl. Geol., Dr. Rer. Nat.
University Professor
B. Sherwood-Lollar, BA, Ph D, FRSC
Professors
J. R. Desloges, M Sc, Ph D
M. L. Diamond, M Sc, M Sc Eng, Ph D
N. Eyles, M.Sc., Ph. D. (U of T Scarborough)
F.G. Ferris, B Sc, Ph D, FRSC
J. Halfar, Dip Geol, Ph D (U of T Mississauga)
K.W.F. Howard, M Sc, Ph D (U of T Scarborough)
A.D. Miall, B Sc, Ph D, D Sc, FRSC
B. Milkereit, M.Sc., Ph.D.
Associate Professors
B.A. Bergquist, B Sc, Ph D
J. Bollmann, Dip Geol, Sci. Nat. ETH
S. A. Cowling, M Sc, Ph D
S. Finkelstein, M Phil, Ph D
R. Ghent, M Sc, Ph D
G.S. Henderson, M Sc, Ph D
L. Schoehnbohm, B Sc, Ph D (U of T Mississauga)
Assistant Professors
M.O. Anderson, BSc, MSc, PhD
X. Chu, M Phil, PhD
D.D. Gergory, Bsc, PhD
M. Laflamme, Ph D (U of T Mississauga)
Z. Zajacz, Ph D
Cross Appointed Faculty
Q. Liu M.Sc., Ph.D.
M. Wells, Ph.D., (U of T Scarborough)
Senior Lecturers
C.-G. Bank, Dip Geophys, M Sc, Ph D
Status Only Faculty
K. Tait, M.Sc., Ph.D., ROM
J. B. Caron, M.Sc., Ph.D., ROM
M. Head, M.Sc., Ph.D., Brock University
Non tenure stream faculty
D. Davis, M Sc, Ph D
M.A. Hamilton, M Sc, Ph D
S. Kamo, M Sc, Ph D
University Professor Emeritus
A.J. Naldrett, MA, M Sc, Ph D, FRSC
Professors Emeriti
G.M. Anderson, B Eng, MA Sc, Ph D
R. C. Bailey, B.Sc., Ph.D.
J.J. Fawcett, B Sc, Ph D
J. Gittins, M Sc, Ph D, Sc D (U)
H.C. Halls, M Sc, PhD (U of T Mississauga)
G. Norris, MA, Ph D, FRSC (U)
J.C. Rucklidge, MA, Ph D
D.J. Schulze, M Sc, Ph D (U of T Mississauga)
W.M. Schwerdtner, Dip Geol, Dr Rer Nat
S.D. Scott, Ph D, FRSC
E. T. C. Spooner, MA, Ph D (U)
P.H. von Bitter, MA, Ph D
P-Y. F. Robin, M Sc, Ph D (U of T Mississauga)
J.A. Westgate, B Sc, Ph D (S)
Introduction
Do you like sciences but have a hard time choosing which one to pursue? Can you picture yourself performing experiments in the lab, or collecting data in the field, or developing and testing models on a computer? Then Earth Sciences is the discipline for you. It is the study of physical, chemical, and biological processes over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales in earth and planetary systems.
Our department offers various programs:
The three specialist programs – Geology, Environmental Geoscience, and Geophysics (offered in collaboration with the Department of Physics) – give students the skills to enter graduate studies and also allows them to become professional “geoscientists in training” after graduation. The Geology specialist program focuses on processes of the solid planetary bodies, including volcanoes, sedimentary environments, mountain building, the formation of minerals or ores, and Earth through time. The Environmental Geosciences specialist program in addition addresses processes related to groundwater and biochemical activities. The Geophysics specialist program allows students to model physical processes in and on Earth and other planets and to apply non-invasive methods of imaging the subsurface, often in 4D (i.e., space and time); targets may range from archaeological investigations to groundwater imaging and mineral exploration, but also include modeling of mountain-building processes and planetary magnetic fields.
The Geoscience Major program builds on a set of core courses and allows students to select elective courses that match their particular interests. Students have paired this program not just with other science programs but such diverse fields as geography, archaeology, economics, history, political science, or peace and conflict studies.
The Geoscience Minor program provides an introduction to Earth science topics and thinking.
The new major called “Earth and Environmental Systems” takes a holistic approach to understanding how the Earth system works and how it has evolved over tens to millions and billions of years. This requires understanding the dynamics and interactions of all aspects of the system (solid Earth, ocean, atmosphere, and biosphere) and provides the larger context at a time when climate change, resource consumption and global pollution weigh heavily on people and societies.
Our programs emphasise hands-on lab and field work. At least one field course is required in each program, and several courses have offered optional one-day to two-week long trips. In recent years courses have travelled to Newfoundland, Texas, Arizona, Hawaii, Chile, and New Zealand, and small groups of undergraduates have been involved with field research in Turkey, Peru, Greece and South Africa. These field training opportunities foster the establishment of peer networks, develop team-working skills, afford hands-on learning, and allow for a close collaboration and mentoring experience between individual students and instructors. Students are also encouraged to take advantage of extra and co-curricular opportunities such as study abroad, summer abroad, internships, or working in industry and non-governmental organizations.
More information (including an undergraduate handbook) can be found on the department website www.es.utoronto.ca. Students are encouraged to discuss their plans for program and course selection with the Undergraduate Associate Chair (undergradchair@es.utoronto.ca).
Earth Sciences Programs
Environmental Geosciences Specialist (Science Program) (Science Program) - ASSPE1253
The Environmental Geosciences specialist program explains the interconnectedness within the Earth system (biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere), measures and models processes related to groundwater and biochemical activities, and assesses the effects of human activities on our geological surroundings.
Jointly sponsored by the School of the Environment and the Department of Earth Sciences. Topics include earth materials, sedimentary geology, aqueous geochemistry, hydrogeology and biogeochemistry. For more information, please contact the Department of Earth Sciences, undergradchair@es.utoronto.ca. Students should note that under the Professional Geoscientists Act of 2000, individuals practicing Environmental Geoscience in Ontario require education that fulfills APGO knowledge requirements (see note below) or a P.Eng.
(12 full courses or their equivalent which includes fulfillment of the Faculty's Distribution requirement, including at least one FCE from 400-series courses)
1st year required courses (2 FCE): CHM151Y1/( CHM135H1, CHM136H1), MAT135H1, PHY131H1/ PHY151H1
1st year elective courses: 1 FCE from MAT136H1, PHY132H1/ PHY152H1, ENV237H1/ ENV238H1, BIO120H1, CSC108H1/ ESS345H1, JEG100H1
2nd year required courses (2 FCE): ESS241H1, ESS223H1/ENV233H, ESS262H1, GGR201H1
2nd year elective courses: 1 FCE from ESS221H1, ESS222H1, ESS261H1, STA220H1/ GGR270H1, CHM210H1, MAT221H1/ MAT223H1; up to 0.5 FCE of this requirement can be satisfied by taking one of the following ethics courses: IMC200H1/ PHL273H1/ PHL275H1/ ABS201Y1
3rd and 4th year required courses (2 FCE): ESS311H1, ESS312H1, ESS410H1, ESS461H1
3rd and 4th year elective courses: 4 FCE from JGA305H1, ESS234H1/ ESS330H1, ESS331H1, ESS361H1, ESS362H1, GGR337H1, GGR390H1, ENV333H1, ESS431H1, ESS441H1, ESS445H1, ESS450H1, ESS462H1, ESS463H1, ESS464H1, ESS490H1, ESS491H1/ ESS492Y1
If you plan to become APGO certified, we suggest you consider the following courses to fulfill minimum qualifications. This list comprises courses which are required for the specialist as well as suggested courses; together they fulfill groups 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B of the APGO requirements and add up to 13.5 FCE:
Group 1A: CHM135H1, MAT135H1, PHY131H1
Group 1B: BIO120H1, MAT136H1, CHM136H1, PHY132H1, STA220H1, CSC108H1/ ESS345H1
Group 2A: ESS221H1, ESS241H1, ESS234H1/ ESS330H1, ESS331H1
Group 2B: ESS223H1/ENV233H, ESS312H1, GGR201H1, GGR337H1, JGA305H1
Group 2C: 4.5 FCE of 200/300/400 level ESS or other allowable courses
For more information, please contact the Department of Earth Sciences, ugrad@es.utoronto.ca.
Geology Specialist (Science Program) - ASSPE0509
This program gives the deepest level of education within the field of geology and is geared towards preparing students for a career in the energy and mineral resources sector or as a government-employed geologist. The program meets the requirements for gaining membership in the Association of Professional Geoscientist of Ontario (APGO) and similar organizations countrywide. The specialist program involves heavy course load in classical geology subjects, such as mineralogy and petrology, sedimentology, structural geology, paleontology, mineral resources and geologic field mapping . Students are advised to be aware of course prerequisites, check clusters of courses listed for the Geology Specialist program, and consult the Earth Sciences Undergraduate Handbook for logical course progressions. For further questions, please consult with the Student Affairs Coordinator (Scott Moore, Department of Earth Sciences, 22 Russell St. Earth Sciences Center, Room 1062 email: ugrad@es.utoronto.ca).
Keywords: Geology, Petrology, Energy and Mineral Resources
Please consult the undegraduate handbook for detailed information on this program.
(14 full courses or their equivalent)
5.0 FCE foundation courses:
CHM151Y1/( CHM135H1, CHM136H1)/(CHM138H, CHM139H); MAT135H1 & MAT136H1; ( PHY131H1, PHY132H1)/( PHY151H1, PHY152H1); BIO120H1/ MAT221H1/ MAT223H1; STA220H1/ GGR270H1; GGR201H1; CSC108H1/ ESS345H1; recommended: ESS262H1/ESS102H/ JEG100H1
6.0 FCE core courses:
ESS223H1/ENV233H, ESS221H1, ESS222H1, ESS241H1, ESS261H1, JGA305H1, ESS311H1, ESS312H1, ESS322H1, ESS331H1, ESS441H1, ESS431H1/ESS332H
1.0 FCE field courses:
ESS234H1/ESS330H, ESS324H1/ESS420H
2.0 FCE electives chosen from:
ENV234H1, ESS381H1, ESS410H1, ESS423H1, ESS425H1, ESS445H1, ESS461H1, ESS481H1, ESS324H1/ESS420H/ ESS490H1, ESS491H1/ ESS492Y1, ESS362H1
For more information, please contact the Department of Earth Sciences, ugrad@es.utoronto.ca.
Geophysics Specialist (Science Program) - ASSPE1650
The Geophysics specialist program allows students to model physical processes in and on Earth and other planets and to apply noninvasive methods of imaging the subsurface, often in 4D (i.e., space and time); targets may range from archaeological investigations to groundwater imaging and mineral exploration, but also include modeling of mountain-building processes and the exploration of planetary surfaces instead. Students are advised to be aware of course prerequisites, and consult the Earth Sciences Undergraduate Handbook. For further questions, please consult with the Student Affairs Coordinator (Scott Moore, Department of Earth Sciences, 22 Russell St. Earth Sciences Center, Room 1062 email: ugrad@es.utoronto.ca).
Consult Departments of Earth Sciences and Physics
(13.5 to 14 full courses or their equivalent with at least one course at the 400-level)
9.0 FCEs core courses:
100-level: PHY131H1/ PHY151H1, PHY132H1/ PHY152H1; ( MAT135H1, MAT136H1)/ MAT137Y1
200-level: PHY250H1, PHY254H1; MAT235Y1/ MAT237Y1; ESS221H1, ESS241H1
400-level: PHY408H1, JPE493H1, ESS452H1; ESS441H1, ESS445H1, ESS450H1
0.5 to 1.0 FCEs ethics course chosen from the following list: JPH441H1, ENV333H1, IMC200H1, PHL273H1, PHL275H1, INS201Y1
4.0 to 4.5 additional FCEs chosen from Groups A, B, and/or C:
Group A -- courses required and relevant for professional registration (APGO):
CHM135H1; ESS345H1/ CSC108H1; STA220H1/ GGR270H1; MAT223H1, MAT244H1; APM346H1; ESS331H1
Group B -- emphasis on physics (suitable for graduate school preparation in a physics program):
PHY252H1, PHY350H1, PHY354H1, PHY392H1, PHY454H1, PHY495H1
Group C -- other relevant courses:
PHY224H1, MAT224H1, MAT335H1, APM346H1, ESS211H1, ESS222H1, ESS311H1, ESS312H1, ESS431H1, ESS234H1/ ESS330H1, ESS410H1, ESS490H1, ESS491H1/ ESS492Y1
For more information, please contact the Department of Earth Sciences, ugrad@es.utoronto.ca.
Earth and Environmental Systems Major (Science Program) - ASMAJ2745
In the Earth and Environmental Systems Major, students use multidisciplinary approaches to studying the large-scale interactions between the Earth and planetary systems over a broad spectrum of time-scales, addressing deep timescales of millions to billions of years as well as processes taking place in today’s and in future worlds. Courses take an integrative approach to understanding interactions between the solid Earth, the biosphere, the atmosphere and the hydrosphere, addressing how these interactions have developed over geological, historical, and recent time periods. Themes of the program include Earth surface processes (e.g., evolution of landforms and sedimentary basins), paleoclimatology (e.g., drivers of Earth’s natural climate variability), biogeochemistry, Quaternary science (understanding the ice ages) and global environmental change. This program provides broad context over time and space to better understand and provide solutions for the current issues of climate change, resource consumption and global pollution weighing heavily on people and societies. Students are advised to check course prerequisites, to review the clusters of courses listed for the geoscience major program, and to consult the Earth Sciences Undergraduate Handbook for logical course progressions. For further questions, please contact the Student Affairs Coordinator (Scott Moore, Department of Earth Sciences, 22 Russell St. Earth Sciences Center, Room 1062 email: ugrad@es.utoronto.ca).
Keywords: Geoscience, Geology, Earth Sciences, Earth History, Evolution, Chemistry, Physics, Biology
(8 full courses or their equivalent including at least 2.0 FCE at 300+ series with at least 0.5 FCE at 400 level series.)
1. 2.0 FCE foundation science courses: 2.0 FCE selected from JEG100H1/ESS102H, BIO120H1/ BIO130H1, CHM135H1/CHM139H, CHM136H1/CHM138H, PHY131H1, PHY132H1, MAT135H1, ENV237H1/ ENV238H1
2. 3.0 FCE core courses:
- 1.0 FCE at 200 level chosen from the following courses: ESS241H1, ESS261H1, ESS262H1 (NOTE: ESS261H and ESS262H1 may be taken in either order.)
- 1.0 FCE at 300 level: ESS345H1, ESS361H1/ ESS362H1/ GGR305H1
- 0.5 FCE field course: ESS410H1/ ESS450H1/ GGR390H1
- 0.5 FCE capstone course: ESS461H1/ ESS462H1/ ESS463H1/ ESS464H1
3. 3.0 FCE elective courses:
In addition to the above core courses, you need to take 3 FCE electives. This requirement can be satisfied by any of the Earth Sciences Courses listed in categories A to F below. The following clusters of courses are neither mutually exclusive nor meant to limit choice but intended to show logical course complements. These are not POSt requirements; rather the clusters are presented to aid students in course selection according to their interests.
a) Earth Surface Processes
ESS241H1, ESS311H1, ESS331H1, ESS445H1, GGR201H1, GGR205H1, GGR272H1
b) Paleoclimate
ESS331H1, ESS361H1, ESS362H1, ESS461H1, ESS464H1, ENV234H1, GGR305H1
c) Biogeochemistry
ESS223H1/ENV233H, ESS311H1, ESS312H1, ESS362H1, ESS410H1, ESS462H1
d) Global Environmental Change
ESS362H1, ESS462H1, ESS463H1, GGR203H1, GGR314H1, PHY392H1
e) Quarternary Science
ANT314H1, ANT315H1, ANT409H1, ANT419H1, ESS461H1
f) Other Relevant Courses
ESS221H1, ESS222H1, JGA305H1, ESS450H1, GGR337H1, ENV337H1, JSC301H1, ESS381H1, ESS399Y0, ESS481H1, ESS490H1, ESS491H1/ ESS492Y1
Geoscience Major (Science Program) - ASMAJ0509
The study of Earth Sciences integrates many of the classical sciences like chemistry and physics and applies their principles to a diverse range of processes.. The major program aims to give students exposure to the traditional geoscience curriculum (Mineralogy, Petrology, Geological structures and Maps, Field Techniques etc.). Students wishing for a more customized degree, should explore the Earth and Environmental Systems Major. Students are advised to be aware of course prerequisites, check clusters of courses listed for the geoscience major program, and consult the Earth Sciences Undergraduate Handbook for logical course progressions. For further questions, please consult with the Student Affairs Coordinator (Scott Moore, Department of Earth Sciences, 22 Russell St. Earth Sciences Center, Room 1062 email: ugrad@es.utoronto.ca).
Keywords: Geology, Paleontology, Earth History, Evolution
(8 full courses or their equivalent including at least 2.0 FCE at 300+ series with at least 0.5 FCE at 400-series.)
2.0 to 2.5 FCE chosen from BIO120H1; ( CHM135H1, CHM136H1)/(CHM138H, CHM139H); MAT135H1, MAT136H1, MAT137Y1; PHY131H1, PHY132H1; JEG100H1/ESS102H; ENV234H1
2.5 FCE core courses: ESS221H1, ESS222H1, ESS241H1, ESS261H1, ESS331H1
0.5 FCE field course: ESS234H1/ESS330H/ ESS410H1/ ESS450H1
2.5 to 3.0 FCE chosen from 300/400 level ESS courses/ JGA305H1; note course progressions and prerequisites.
We suggest students consider the following logical course clusters in their higher years:
(a) Earth/planetary materials and mineral resources: ESS223H1/ENV233H, ESS322H1, ESS431H1/ESS332H, ESS423H1
(b) tectonics: JGA305H1, ESS345H1, ESS441H1, ESS445H1
(c) environmental biogeochemistry: ESS223H1/ENV233H, ESS311H1, ESS312H1, ESS410H1, ESS461H1
(d) geoarchaeology: JGA305H1, ESS461H1
For more information, please contact the Department of Earth Sciences, ugrad@es.utoronto.ca.
Environmental Geosciences Minor (Science Program) - ASMIN1253
Admission to the Environmental Geosciences Minor has been administratively suspended as of 1 April 2015 and is no longer admitting students. Students presently enrolled in the minor will be able to complete the program requirements as described below.
Geoscience Minor (Science Program) - ASMIN0509
The study of Earth Sciences (or “Geology” to use the Greek term) integrates the classical sciences of chemistry, physics and biology, and applies their principles to a diverse range of processes on Earth and other planets, from landform evolution to plate tectonics all the way to the origin and evolution of life and geomicrobiology. The Geoscience Minor program aims to give students as much leeway as possible to choose particular interests within the diverse and dynamic field of Earth Sciences. Students are advised to check course prerequisites, to review the clusters of courses listed for the geoscience major program, and to consult the Earth Sciences Undergraduate Handbook for logical course progressions. For further questions, please contact the Student Affairs Coordinator (Scott Moore, Department of Earth Sciences, 22 Russell St. Earth Sciences Center, Room 1062 email: ugrad@es.utoronto.ca).
Keywords: Geology
(4 full courses or their equivalent, with at least 1.0 FCE at 300+ series.)
1. 1.0 FCE of 100-series CHM, BIO, or PHY courses.
2. 2.0 FCE of 100- or 200-level ESS courses (excluding ESS103H1, ESS104H1, ESS105H1, and ESS205H1). It is however recommended to include at least ESS262H1 or ENV234H1 or JEG100H1.
3. 1.0 FCE of 300/400 level ESS courses, including JGA305H1.
Be aware of course prerequisites, check clusters of courses listed for the geoscience major program, and consult the geology undergraduate handbook for logical course progressions.
Earth Sciences Courses
JEG100H1 - Introduction to Physical Geography and Earth Science
This introduction to Physical Geography and Earth Sciences examines the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere and biosphere, emphasizing processes, flows of energy and materials, and the interconnectedness of these Earth systems. Specific topics include weather and climate, earth materials, geological and geomorphic processes involved in the genesis of landforms, river systems, glaciers, soils, and biomes. Six laboratory meetings during the term.
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS103H1 - Geology in Public Issues
Geologic hazards: earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, tsunamis. The distribution and politics of natural resources, including petroleum and ore deposits. Nuclear power and nuclear waste disposal. Global change: the geologic record of hot and cold climates, and how the earth survives. ESS103H1 is primarily intended as a science Distribution Requirement course for Humanities and Social Science, it will be taught in odd years.
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS104H1 - Controversies in Earth Science
The evolution of ideas about the origin and development of the earth from the Athenians to the 20th Century, with attention on the age of earth; on the evolution and disappearance of species; on the origin of oceans, continents and mountains; on climate change; and on the courage of scientists in confronting the religious and political views of their time. ESS104H1 is primarily intended as a science Distribution Requirement course for Humanities and Social Science students. Taught in even years.
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS105H1 - Our home planet
The nature and evolution of the Earth; plate tectonics; rocks and minerals; volcanism; geological time; fossils; geology of Ontario; environmental issues; and human interactions with the planet. ESS105H1 is primarily intended as a science Distribution Requirement course for Humanities and Social Science students
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS196H1 - Life and Death in the Solar System
Hours: 24L
Earth is the only planet in the solar system known to support life. Through directed readings, seminars, videos and lab visits, participants in this course will work with instructors whose own research tackles important questions concerning the origin of life on earth; the limits to life on this planet; implications for life under extreme conditions elsewhere in the solar system; and the life cycles of the planets themselves. The course will involve reading of scientific literature, student-led discussions, oral presentations and research projects, as well as potential field trips to sites in Southern Ontario. Restricted to first-year students. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS197H1 - Earth and Life through Time
Hours: 24L
This seminar will look through the lens of earth history to explore drivers of change in the biosphere and the impacts of these changes. We will focus on episodes of mass extinction, and the spectacular landscape changes and speciation events which often followed. Abrupt or gradual climatic changes, massive volcanism, asteroid impacts, catastrophic carbon releases, and human activity will be evaluated as the causes of major extinction events in Earth history. The course will involve reading of scientific literature, student-led discussions, oral presentations and research projects, as well as potential field trips to sites in Southern Ontario. Restricted to first-year students. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS198H1 - Resources and Sustainability
Hours: 24L
The rise of humanity is intricately linked to the exploitation of natural resources. From its earliest attempts to use fire and extract metals from rocks, to coal-fired steam that brought the industrial revolution, hydrocarbons that fuel international travel and trade, nuclear energy to produce electricity, and the reliance on smartphones in our daily lives, the planet’s resources have brought innovation and problems and require us to ask questions regarding sustainability. This course will explore the gamut from resource extraction and trading, to its societal consequences including global politics, environmental pollution, and remediation. The course will involve reading of scientific literature, student-led discussions, oral presentations and research projects, and potentially field trips to sites in Southern Ontario. Restricted to first-year students. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS199H1 - Earth, Portrait of a Planet
Modern Earth Sciences touches on virtually all aspects of modern life, from the atmosphere to large scale natural disasters. This course will explore how earth sciences has shaped our society and our understanding of the earth as a system. Potential course topics include (but are not limited to) the great climate change crisis and what we know about climate change in the past to the literally earth moving ideas of plate tectonics (and the associated natural disasters). The course will involve reading of scientific literature, student-led discussions, oral presentations and research projects. Restricted to first-year students. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS205H1 - Confronting Global Change
The emergence of society as a major geological force is considered in terms of the evolving debate about the consequences of human activity for the habitability of our planet. Major issues such as climate change, environmental pollution, and depletion of natural resources are examined.
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)
ESS221H1 - Minerals and Rocks
Systematic mineralogy (including: identification, classification and description), Physical and chemical properties of minerals. Crystallography and crystal systems (symmetry, crystal structure, crystal systems) Descriptions of rocks in hand samples. Optical techniques in mineral identification.
Recommended Preparation: ( CHM135H1, CHM136H1)/( CHM138H1, CHM139H1)/ CHM151Y1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS222H1 - Petrology
Origin and classification of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and their associated ore deposits. Emphasis is placed on formation of rock types in the context of plate tectonic theory, and the practical aspects of rock identification in hand sample and thin section.
Exclusion: GLG207H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS223H1 - Earth System Chemistry 1: Earth Materials
Hours: 24L/24T
This course introduces students to the basic principles of geochemistry beginning with some fundamental chemical concepts concerning atoms, bonding and the periodic table. It continues with an overview of the wide ranging geochemical fields and concepts such as elemental distributions, fractionation and differentiation, and trace element cycling. The latter half of the courses leads into an introduction to basic thermodynamics as it applies to more advanced geochemical concepts found in aqueous geochemistry, mineralogy and petrology.
Exclusion: ENV233H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS234H1 - Introduction to Geological Field Methods
Hours: TBA
A two-week field course in early May or late August. Students are introduced to field geology and to basic field measurement, mapping and documentation techniques (for example in the Espanola - Manitoulin Island area, west of Sudbury). Students are responsible for the cost of board and lodging and transport to and from the field area. Not eligible for CR/NCR option. Note: Enrollment is handled by the department. For registration deadlines, additional fees associated with the field course, course dates, and special registration requirements, please consult the departmental announcements or inquire with ugrad@es.utoronto.ca.
Exclusion: ESS330H1, GLG340H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS241H1 - Geologic Structures and Maps
Field observations, description and classification of geological structures: stratigraphic and intrusive contacts, unconformities; relative age determination; folds and fold systems; faults and fault systems; boudinage, foliations and lineations; spherical projections and mechanical principles (stress, strain, rheology). Practical work focuses on reading geological maps, constructing cross-sections, and interpreting both in terms of geological processes and histories.
Recommended Preparation: JEG100H1/ ESS262H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS261H1 - Earth System Evolution
Interrelationships between Earths atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere and biosphere through time; including patterns of evolution and extinction as they are related to changes at the earth's surface and recorded in the rock record. Laboratories cover major groups of fossils, their classification, use in biostratigraphy, and living analogues. NOTE: ESS261H1 and ESS262H1 may be taken in either order; and both are required for advanced courses.
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS262H1 - Earth System Processes
Processes acting within the Earth system, with particular emphasis on interactions between its components (hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and solid Earth) at long and short timescales. Lecture topics include pre-biotic and post-biotic atmosphere, thermohaline circulation of the oceans, plate tectonics, the rock cycle, regulation of paleoclimates, the global carbon cycle and the terrestrial and marine biosphere.
Recommended Preparation: PHY131H1/ CHM138H1/ BIO120H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS299Y1 - Research Opportunity Program
Credit course for supervised participation in faculty research project. Details at http://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/course/rop. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.
JGA305H1 - Environmental and Archaeological Geophysics
Application of near-surface geophysical methods to investigate environmental and archaeological sites; in particular magnetometry, resistivity, ground-probing radar, and seismic surveys. Course will cover background on the various methods, and allow students to run field surveys and present on case studies.
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS311H1 - Earth System Chemistry 2: Aqueous Geochemistry
An introduction to aqueous environmental geochemistry emphasising the importance of chemical equilibria, mass transport, and microbiological activity in regulating the chemical composition of natural and contaminated systems.
Exclusion: GLG351H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS312H1 - Hydrogeology
Groundwater flow, the role of groundwater in geologic processes, and physical, chemical and biological constraints on contaminant source transport and attenuation.
Exclusion: GLG450H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS322H1 - Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology
An overview of the nature and origin of igneous as well as metamorphic rocks, with particular emphasis on the interpretation of textures and mineral assemblages as they reflect rock-forming processes. Laboratory exercises familiarise students with the most common rock types, and provide practical examples of the theoretical principles discussed in lectures. This course also has a mandatory weekend field trip to view igneous and metamorphic rocks and structures in the Bancroft or Montreal area.
Exclusion: GLG318H1, GLG319H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS324H1 - Advanced Geological Field Methods
Hours: TBA
A two-week advanced geological mapping project in a challenging field environment. Students learn to compile existing geoscience data, create a geological map and prepare a professional final report on their activities and findings. Not eligible for CR/NCR option. For registration deadlines, additional fees associated with the field course, course dates, and special registration requirements, please consult the departmental announcements or inquire with ugrad@es.utoronto.ca.
Exclusion: ESS420H1, GLG445H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS331H1 - Sedimentation and Stratigraphy
Formal principles of stratigraphy, types of stratigraphic unit, methods of dating and correlation (biostratigraphic methods, magnetostratigraphy, radiometric dating). Methods of study in surface and subsurface (outcrop measurement, elementary introduction to wireline logs, seismic methods). The principles of facies analysis; sediment transport - sedimentary structures, the flow regime, and sediment gravity flows. The carbonate factory and carbonate rock classification. Trace fossils. Laboratory exercises in understanding facies mapping, isopachs and isolith maps.
Exclusion: GLG360H1, ERS313H5
Recommended Preparation: ESS222H1, ESS330H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS345H1 - Computational Geology
A practical introduction to programming. This course will teach an operational knowledge on how to write and execute self written computer programs. Course topics touch upon using a computer without a graphical interface, using an integrated development environment, programming, documenting, debugging, reading and writing data, graphical output, how to navigate existing documentation and internet resources, and last but not least how to effectively ask for help. Students will work individually and in small groups in an inverted classroom setting on earth science related problem sets. Previous programming experience is not required, however curiosity, independence and perseverance are mandatory.
Exclusion: GLG204H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS361H1 - Atmosphere-Biosphere Interact
Theory on the exchange of energy and matter (carbon, water) between the land surface and atmosphere, with a focus on the implications of ecosystem-level processes for regional micrometeorology. Examples will be taken from research on contemporary as well as palaeoclimate systems. Case studies to include how changes in vegetation type alter surface radiation balance, hydrological cycling and heat transfer in soils. There is no formal textbook for this course. Lecture material will be augmented with assigned readings from the scientific literature.
Exclusion: GGR303H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)
ESS362H1 - Oceanography
An introduction to the physical, geological, chemical, and biological processes governing the world’s oceans. The course emphasizes critical thinking, environmental issues, and interrelationships among scientific disciplines.
Recommended Preparation: 1.0 FCE from ESS102H1/ PHY131H1/ PHY132H1/ CHM135H1/ CHM136H1/ CHM138H1/ CHM139H1/ BIO120H1/ MAT135H1 & ESS261H1/ ESS262H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS381H1 - Special Topics in Earth Science
A survey of current thinking in Earth science. Topics may include isotope geochemistry, ore genesis, or planetary remote sensing.
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS391H1 - Directed Studies
An individual study program chosen by the student with the advice, and under the supervision, of a faculty member. Such work may involve obtaining data in the field or lab and analysing it, an interdisciplinary research project, and supervised readings. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.
Exclusion: GLG371H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
ESS392Y1 - Directed Studies
An individual study program chosen by the student with the advice, and under the supervision, of a faculty member. Such work may involve obtaining data in the field or lab and anlysing it, an interdisciplinary research project, and supervised readings. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.
Exclusion: GLG372Y1
Distribution Requirements: Science
JPE395H1 - Physics of the Earth
Designed for students interested in the physics of the Earth and the planets. Study of the Earth as a unified dynamic system; determination of major internal divisions in the planet; development and evolution of the Earth's large scale surface features through plate tectonics; the age and thermal history of the planet; Earth's gravitational field and the concept of isostasy; mantle rheology and convection; Earth tides; geodetic measurement techniques, in particular modern space-based techniques.
Exclusion: PHY359H1, PHY395H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS398H0 - Research Excursions
An instructor-supervised group project in an off-campus setting. Details at http://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/course/rep. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.
ESS398Y0 - Research Excursions
An instructor-supervised group project in an off-campus setting. Details at http://www.artsci.utoronto.ca/current/course/rep. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.
Distribution Requirements: Science
ESS410H1 - Field Techniques in Hydrogeochemistry
A ten-day field course in late summer at the Deep River field site designed to familiarize students in a variety of hydrogeological and biogeochemical field techniques; includes a mixture of lecture, laboratory and field exercises. Not eligible for CR/NCR option. Note: Enrollment is handled by the department. For registration deadlines, additional fees associated with the field course, course dates, and special registration requirements, please consult the departmental announcements or inquire with ugrad@es.utoronto.ca.
Exclusion: GLG448H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS423H1 - Mineral Deposits
Geology and geochemistry of ore deposits. Origin and interpretation; systematic ore mineralogy, in hand specimen and reflected light microscopy.
Exclusion: GLG442H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS425H1 - Advanced Methods in the Geosciences
This course provides an in-depth exploration of methods which are commonly used in the Geosciences. The course content will vary from year to year; students should inquire with the Department about course topics and pre-requisites before the beginning of the Fall term. Topics taught in this course include, but are not limited to, laboratory analytical techniques (such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, stable isotopes, light and scanning electron microscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry), core logging, computational techniques including modeling, statistical methods, or spatial analysis tools for geological mapping applications such as plotting cross sections or correlating biostratigraphies.
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS431H1 - Basin Analysis
Hours: 24L/36P
Detailed study of each of the major sedimentary environments. Typical facies assemblages, cyclic sedimentation. Autogenic and allogenic processes. The principles of sequence stratigraphy. The history of the sequence concept; systems tracts and bounding surfaces. Sequence models. What causes sequences: mechanisms of change in base level and accommodation: – tectonism, climate change, eustatic sea-level change.
Exclusion: GLG430H1, ESS332H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS441H1 - Advanced Structural Geology
Principles of geological mechanics: stress, strain, rheology. Faulting, folding and development of tectonic foliations and lineations. Structural analysis of fractures, folds and tectonites.
Recommended Preparation: ESS345H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS445H1 - Global Tectonics
Exploration of physical Earth processes and their relationship to large-scale geological phenomena. Mantle convection as plate tectonic engine; intraplate/plate boundary lithospheric deformation including orogenesis and crustal subsidence. Focus on reconciling geodynamic theory/modelling with geological/geophysical observations.
Recommended Preparation: ESS322H1, ESS332H1 & ESS441H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS450H1 - Geophysical Field Techniques
A ten-day field course in late August at the Deep River field site. Students get hands-on experience using geophysical instrumentation, applying various data collection techniques, and performing data analysis in gravity, magnetic, seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, and radar surveys. Not eligible for CR/NCR option. Note: Enrollment is handled by the department. For registration deadlines, additional fees associated with the field course, course dates, and special registration requirements, please consult the departmental announcements or inquire with ugrad@es.utoronto.ca. Additional fee of up to $500 will apply.
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS452H1 - Geophysical Imaging with Non-seismic Methods
Current geophysical surface and borehole methodologies (gravity, magnetics, electrical, electromagnetic, nuclear) and their theoretical basis for investigating Earth's interior to depths ranging from several metres to tens of kilometers.
Recommended Preparation: ESS345H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS461H1 - Palaeoenvironmental Studies
The use of proxy data (terrestial and aquatic microfossils) to infer past environmental conditions. The nature and extent of Quaternary environmental change is considered in the context of assessing current issues such as acidification, metal pollution, eutrophication and global climate change. Paleoenvironmental techniques are applied in the laboratory.
Exclusion: GLG436H1
Recommended Preparation: ESS362H1, ENV233H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)
ESS462H1 - Global Biogeochemical Cycles
A seminar course focusing on the exchange of matter (i.e. elements, minerals) between the Earth’s atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere. Course-related topics include global biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, silicon, iron, and zinc (amongst other elements) and will include both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Examples and case studies will be viewed from the paleo-, contemporary and potential future global change perspectives. The overall content of course readings will be determined by student interest, as students have the freedom to choose topics (readings) of personal interest. Offered in alternate years.
Exclusion: GGR403H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS463H1 - Earth System Chemistry 3: Contaminants
Disturbances to the Earth system by anthropogenic contaminant input and how to improve environmental quality. Case studies include mining contamination and remediation, and movement of contaminants in air, water, soils, and sediments, particularly in urban areas.
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS464H1 - Biological Perspectives on Earth System Evolution
A seminar course focussing on ways that the Earth's biosphere (terrestrial and marine) has altered the overall functioning of the Earth System over geological time, including (1) influence of terrestrial vegetation on surface processes such as palaeosol development, river geomorphology, erosion, and cycling of major biogeochemical nutrients on land, (2) influence of the marine biosphere on the concentration of O2 and CO2 in the atmosphere, including the origin of the stratospheric ozone layer, and (3) the interactive influence of the terrestrial and marine biosphere on atmospheric moisture transport, production of latent relative to sensible heat fluxes, and the development of the planetary boundary layer. Offered in alternate years.
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: Living Things and Their Environment (4)
ESS481H1 - Advanced Topics in Earth Sciences
This course is offered on an irregular basis, typically in the winter term. Students are advised to consult the departmental notices with respect to course times and content, but should expect an in-depth study of modern earth science questions, for example mineralogy and material science, advanced petrology, or exploration geochemistry. Course instructors will often, but not always, be recruited from Industry.
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS490H1 - Geological Capstone Fieldtrip
A two-week excursion to a challenging field setting. Students will integrate field observations with their accumulated knowledge of geodynamics, structural geology, and landscape evolution to understand large-scale geological events. Not eligible for CR/NCR option. This course will be offered in the summer session of 2020. Note: Enrollment is handled by the department. For registration deadlines, additional fees associated with the field course, course dates, and special registration requirements, please consult the departmental announcements or inquire with ugrad@es.utoronto.ca.
Exclusion: GLG420H1
Recommended Preparation: ESS221H1, ESS222H1, ESS234H1, ESS331H1, ESS423H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS491H1 - Undergraduate Thesis Project
Research emphasising methods used in field and experimental work. Students must obtain the consent of an instructor and register with the undergraduate coordinator and are urged to do so toward the end of their third year. In addition to submitting a thesis, students are required to give an oral presentation of their research results to an open meeting of the department. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.
Exclusion: GLG471H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
ESS492Y1 - Undergraduate Thesis Project
Research emphasising methods used in field and experimental work. Students must obtain the consent of an instructor and register with the undergraduate coordinator and are urged to do so toward the end of their third year. In addition to submitting a thesis, students are required to give an oral presentation of their research results to an open meeting of the department. Not eligible for CR/NCR option.
Exclusion: GLG470Y1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)
JPE493H1 - Seismology
Why do earthquakes occur and how are they related to tectonic motion of the Earth's surface? What is the physics behind the propagation of seismic waves through the Earth, and how can it be used to determine the internal structures of the Earth? This introductory course is aimed at understanding the physics behind seismic wave propagation, as well as asymptotic and numerical solutions to the elastodynamic equation. Travel time and amplitude of seismic waves are discussed based on seismic ray theory, while numerical methods are introduced to obtain accurate solutions to more complex velocity structures. Seismic tomographic methods, including their applications to hydrocarbon reservoir imaging, are also covered.
Exclusion: PHY493H1
Recommended Preparation: ESS345H1
Distribution Requirements: Science
Breadth Requirements: The Physical and Mathematical Universes (5)